How to Install XAMPP and WordPress Locally on Windows PC

Want to install XAMPP and WordPress aka. install WordPress locally? This is a great idea if you want a development site that can be used for testing or other purposes. XAMPP lets you run a website from your very own computer. And once you get it set up, you can spin up a new WordPress install with just a few clicks.But to actually install XAMPP and WordPress can be a little tricky, so you might need a helping hand.Weve already talked about some of the benefits of a local WordPress testing site, so I wont belabor that point. Instead, Im going to assume youre just here for the guide.💠¡ Note. If you need a more general guide on installing WordPress in other environments not just locally, but on live servers as well, then please hop over to this guide of ours.So without further ado, heres exactly how to install WordPress locally with XAMPP. At the end of this, youll have your very own local WordPress testing environment running on Windows. Once the download finishes, run the fil e you downloaded to launch the XAMPP installer. If youre running antivirus software, you might get a warning like this:Just click Yes to continue. Depending on your Windows configuration, you might also get a prompt about User Account Control (UAC). Just continue through that prompt as well. Once you get through all of the prompts, you should see the standard installer screen:Just click Next to continue.On the next screen, you can choose which components to install. To install XAMPP and WordPress, you do not need all of the components. In addition to the required components, all you need are:MySQLPHPMyAdminAgain, this is all thats needed to install WordPress locally. Uncheck everything else and click Next.You can now select which folder to install XAMPP in. I always leave it as the default:On the next screen, youll get a prompt asking you to install Bitnami for XAMPP. You do not need this to install XAMPP and WordPress, so just uncheck the box:Once you click Next, youre ready to run the install:The install process might take a few minutes:Once it finishes, you can launch the control panel to start working with XAMPP:Step 2: Start the modules and test your serverTo install XAMPP and WordPress properly, youll need to run two modules:ApacheMySQLYou can start both modules from the XAMPP control panel:Once you launch them, you should see their status turn to green:And now you should be able to test that your local server is working by going to http://localhost/ in your web browser of choice:If all went well, you now have a functioning XAMPP server on your Windows PC! But now its time to install XAMPP and WordPress. So heres how to get a WordPress site up and running on XAMPP.Step 3: Add the WordPress filesIf youve ever manually installed WordPress, the rest of the process should feel pretty familiar. First, you need to go to wordpress.org and download the latest version of WordPress.Then, in Windows, navigate to the folder where you installed XAMPP. For me, thats C ://xampp. It should be something similar for you. Then, in that folder, find the htdocs subfolder:In htdocs, create a new folder for your test site. This folder name will become the sub-name used to access your site. For example, if you make the folder testsite, youll access your site by going to http://localhost/testsite.Once you create the folder, extract the WordPress .zip file you downloaded from wordpress.org into it:Step 4: Create a database for WordPressNext, you need to create a MySQL database for your WordPress install. To do that, launch PHPMyAdmin from your XAMPP control panel:Then click on Databases at the top:And enter a name for your database and click Create. Your name can be anything just remember it because youll need it for the next step:Unlike installing WordPress on a live web server, when you install XAMPP and WordPress, you dont need to worry about creating a database user.Step 5: Install WordPress locally via the on-screen installerWhen you visit your test si te, you should see the normal WordPress installer. Remember, your test site is just http://localhost/FOLDERNAME:The only step where this process will differ from a normal install is the database details. When you get to the database details, enter them like this:Database Name = Name of the database you created in PHPMyAdminUsername = rootPassword = leave blankThen finish the rest of the WordPress install process like normal.Once you complete the process, you should see your brand new WordPress install running perfectly on your local host:What about Multisite or staging?How to install XAMPP and WordPress MultisiteIf you want to play around with WordPress Multisite, its also possible to configure WordPress Multisite to work on your local host. Rather than duplicating information, though, Ill just direct you to Vishnus post on how to set up WordPress Multisite on a local host.Should you use XAMPP and WordPress for staging?While running WordPress on your localhost is a great way to expe riment and try things with WordPress, you shouldnt use it as an actual staging site for a live site.Thats because it has a different hardware configuration than your live site. So just because something works or doesnt work on your XAMPP WordPress install doesnt mean it will be the same on your live production site.Instead, using a subdomain or your hosts staging service are much better ways to create a WordPress staging site.Wrapping things up on how to install WordPress locally on XAMPPOnce you learn how to install XAMPP and WordPress the first time, you can quickly spin up new testing sites whenever needed.As a freelance writer, I use XAMPP installs to review any number of themes and plugins. At this point, I probably have about 60 separate WordPress installs running on XAMPP. So if you need any assistance with XAMPP and WordPress, leave a comment and Ill try to help out!What do you want to do with your site once you install WordPress locally? Feel free to share in the comments. How to install #WordPress locally on #XAMPP 💠¡

Free Essays on Auschwitz - Nazi Concentration Camp

Located thirty-seven miles west of Krakow, Auschwitz was the camp where Jewish people were killed and worked. This camp , out of all the rest tortured the most people. At the camp there was a a place caled the "Black Wall," this was where the people were executed . In March of of 1941, there was another camp that started to be built. This second camp was called Auschwitz II, or Birkinau. It was located 1.9 miles away from Auschwitz I. Peple that were chosen to come to these camps were expelled from their homes. Their houses were destroyed for the pupose of buildinf Birkinau. Birkinau had nine sub-units. They were separated from each other by electrically charged fences that lines their borders. In August 1942, the womens section at Auscwitz I was moved to Birkinau. Nine hundred and ninty-nine women from Ravensbruck camp and other women from different camps joined them also. Birkinau now had over 6,000 women prisoners being held. In the town Monowitz, another camp was being built. This camp was called auschwitz III, or Buna-Monowitz. Other camps that were located close to Monowitz were moved to Buna-Monowitz. The population of Bikinau was the most densly populated out of all the camps. It also had the most cruel and and bad conditions of all the camps in the complex. The prisoners at Birkinau mostly consisted of Jews, Poles, and Germans. There were a number of Gypsy and Czech Jew family camps located at Birkinau for a period of time also. In Birkinau, the gas chambers and the creamatoria, where the bodies were burned operated at auschwitz I. Birkinau and all the other sub-camps were mostly forced labor camps. The most recognized of the labor camps are, Budy, Czechowitz, Glenwitz, Rajsko, and Furstenarube. The prisoners here were worked to the piont of death. Trains transported people to the camps, and violently forced them off the train. All of the people's property was left on the ... Free Essays on Auschwitz - Nazi Concentration Camp Free Essays on Auschwitz - Nazi Concentration Camp Located thirty-seven miles west of Krakow, Auschwitz was the camp where Jewish people were killed and worked. This camp , out of all the rest tortured the most people. At the camp there was a a place caled the "Black Wall," this was where the people were executed . In March of of 1941, there was another camp that started to be built. This second camp was called Auschwitz II, or Birkinau. It was located 1.9 miles away from Auschwitz I. Peple that were chosen to come to these camps were expelled from their homes. Their houses were destroyed for the pupose of buildinf Birkinau. Birkinau had nine sub-units. They were separated from each other by electrically charged fences that lines their borders. In August 1942, the womens section at Auscwitz I was moved to Birkinau. Nine hundred and ninty-nine women from Ravensbruck camp and other women from different camps joined them also. Birkinau now had over 6,000 women prisoners being held. In the town Monowitz, another camp was being built. This camp was called auschwitz III, or Buna-Monowitz. Other camps that were located close to Monowitz were moved to Buna-Monowitz. The population of Bikinau was the most densly populated out of all the camps. It also had the most cruel and and bad conditions of all the camps in the complex. The prisoners at Birkinau mostly consisted of Jews, Poles, and Germans. There were a number of Gypsy and Czech Jew family camps located at Birkinau for a period of time also. In Birkinau, the gas chambers and the creamatoria, where the bodies were burned operated at auschwitz I. Birkinau and all the other sub-camps were mostly forced labor camps. The most recognized of the labor camps are, Budy, Czechowitz, Glenwitz, Rajsko, and Furstenarube. The prisoners here were worked to the piont of death. Trains transported people to the camps, and violently forced them off the train. All of the people's property was left on the ...

Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Utilitarianism - Essay Example pproaches to ethics in the history of philosophical thought, Unitarianism was supported by different authors, which resulted in the creation of many varieties of the concept. However, among the most famous and powerful can be named the work by John Stuart Mill, in which he explains the details of the concept and provides logical grounding for its relevance. Therefore, I suggest resorting to the ideas of the famous philosopher to defend the practice of tortures. The core of Utilitarianism is developed from the idea that that actions are as good as their consequences are. Mill argued that there is no value of searching for the morality of an action in the action itself while leaving the context in which it occurs without attention. Consequently, according to Utilitarianism, human morality should serve the principle of Utility or the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle† which persuades that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they can promote happiness and wrong when they produce the reverse of happiness.† (Troyer 98-99) Moreover, the notion of happiness should regarded as a sum of happiness of the majority, which is more essential than the happiness of the one. Applying the concept of utilitarianism to torturing terrorist or military, it becomes clear that its essence and purpose can be fully justified under the condition that this intervention is aimed at the common good. Firstly, under the principles of Utilitarianism, the happiness of one person is less important than the happiness of many. (Evans 53-66) Subsequently, interests of one person can be sacrificed for the sake of preserving interests of the majority. Secondly, the morality of an action should be evaluated taking into account consequences which they would bring, rather than whether a particular action is right or wrong. (Troyer 98-99) It follows that it is morally right to torture a person who hold the information related to the potential harm that can be caused to masses of people. The issue of

Kingston-Galloway Neighborhood and Its Peculiarities Assignment

Kingston-Galloway Neighborhood and Its Peculiarities - Assignment Example It must be underlined that â€Å"the population of Kingston-Galloway is 28,042 people† [Hayes D., 2008] in their diversity of nationalities.  On the one hand, Scarborough is one of the most beautiful, green and livable territories in Toronto. Consequently, Kingston-Galloway neighbourhood as its part can be recognized as a good place to give birth and raise children. On the other hand due to the settlement of the black, Hindus, Tamils, and the crime situation it is not attractive to stay there (although the white live in the district too). So the result is that such surroundings are not able to be a priority to encourage people to do their best in rising of a population. As for the statistic data given readers by workers of the University of Toronto, Deborah Coven and Vanessa Parlette (they both were active in community projects in Kingston-Galloway for five years), Kingston-Galloway â€Å"had a population of 31,715 in 1971, and 40,846 in 2006† [Cowen D., Paulette V., June 2011] in comparison. Furthermore, we can analyze the percentage of population growth up during these years which is small - 7 % in 1971 and 11% in 2006 respectively. Probably a certain effect has a bad level of life in this district. The figures speak for themselves - Kingston-Galloway has â€Å"†¦the highest concentration of subsidized housing in all of Ontario, 42% of all families with children are lone-parent families – much greater than the Toronto average† [Shark S., 2009]. All these facts depict not so optimistic financial situation in the neighbourhood. When people have good living conditions and confidence in the future they can afford themselves to have children. As we see there is no positive picture in this aspect in Kingston-Galloway. Moreover, the statistics say that household income has dropped 35% from 1971 till 2006 years. Still, there is some successful tendency in the development of social life norms in Kingston-Galloway. The main achievement is the organization of the Storefront, an interaction group which consists of service providers and people of the district.  Ã‚  

Louis Vuitton position in the Japanese market Case Study - 1

Louis Vuitton position in the Japanese market - Case Study Example In light of the market trends, Louis Vuitton has strategically adapted new market approaches to the Japanese market. Following the global economic recession of 2008-2009, Japanese luxury goods consumers have become more price conscious. Vis a vis, Louis Vuitton has been forced to re-evaluate its primary marketing strategy of premium brands in the case of the Japanese economy. The company lacks a comprehensive Japanese culture-oriented marketing strategy that would differentiate between the dynamics of the western market and the Japanese market. Employment of the Louis Vuitton global strategy fails to incorporate the cultural aspects of Japanese consumers in terms of price, quality and value addition. The company’s success in the Japanese market has been driven principally by the group- culture that strongly promotes possession of luxury goods by consumers (Paul and Feroul, 2010). However, the market has been characterized by consumers increased value for their money, thereby a voiding premium-priced luxury goods. Louis Vuitton position in the Japanese market has further been weakened by new marketing strategies by rival brands who have lowered their prices to attract price-sensitive consumers. To maintain its customer base, Louis Vuitton has been forced to also reevaluate its pricing strategies. To cushion themselves from harsh trends in the luxury goods market, rival firms have diversified their services and product portfolio to include non-traditional products. Chocolatier Godiva had announced plans to open up cafes in Tokyo while Vertu a mobile phone company had plans to open up shops in Ginza. Therefore, Louis Vuitton runs the risk of solely depending on luxury goods market. The Japanese market has been identified to be cyclical, characterized by periods of extensive consumer spending, which are followed with reduce consumer expenditure.  

Purpose Of Education In Singapore

Purpose Of Education In Singapore Education is said to be as old as humanity itself. (Gordon, 1966) All living things, regardless of animal or human origin, are born with a capacity and need to be educated. The genetic makeup of any animal causes it to recognize that educating their offspring plays a crucial role to ensuring their survivability in the wild. Prehistoric human beings realize this too but modern human beings also recognize that in todays complicated world, our purposes for educating our young are far more complex than simply knowing how to gather and hunt for food. Thus, in this essay, I will briefly explore both the selfish and the societal reasons for education in our modern society before delving specifically into the aims of education in Singapore as well as their implications. There is one fundamental limitation to be addressed the aims of education are ever changing. Survivability in todays modern society is defined differently from the past and also differently from the society of the future. Hence, there are no fixed aims of education because our purposes will change along with the current societal needs and mindsets. The question Why do we educate? can be answered from the selfish point of view. Firstly, as human beings, we evolved from animals and are instinctively concerned about our survival. Thus, the most evident reason and aim in pursuing education is for the sake of our livelihoods. This is also known as the bread and butter aim (Gordon, 1966) because we desire to be educated so we can graduate with better qualifications and hence land a better paying job. This utilitarian purpose of education enables people to provide the basic necessities, and possibly luxuries, for themselves. While this practical aim may be important, I believe that there are many other things Man has to live for other than simply money. The other selfish reason is nobler. It is to pursue education for the sake of education. Although it is still a selfish reason, it is in contrast to the livelihood aim because people who believe in this deem education as more than a vehicle for the mere acquisition of knowledge to gain wealth. These are people who have developed an intrinsic motivation for lifelong learning and see that education as a dynamic tool that allows one to think and adapt independently as compared to a static process of memorization. (Gordon, 1966) Other than selfish reasons for education, there are also societys objectives in having its people educated. The first societal purpose of education is to have socially contributive citizens. Ironically, this societal purpose ties in with the selfish purpose for livelihood. In achieving the knowledge, skills and understanding required of us to deal with a specialized and better paying job, we unintentionally play a part in the creation of societys workforce and hence contribute to economic development and growth of the country. (Biesta, 2009) This relates very closely to the educational theory of Essentialism. Essentialism, grounded in philosophies of Idealism and Realism, disregards interests and promote teaching useful knowledge instead for the learner to use in society. In addition, discipline is a key focus in Essentialism as it emphasizes on how the learner is expected to respect legitimate authority to function efficiently in society. (Ellis, 1981) Hence, Essentialism is crucial in creating people who participate effectively in society. Another social intention of education involves character and moral development as emphasized by Aristotle (Homiak, 2007) and by Herbart in the 19th century. Aristotle claims that there are 2 sides to every Man. The baser side involves primal animal instincts of brutality and passion while the humanitarian side involves morality and intellect. The aim of education, Aristotle insists, should be towards developing human character through the humanitarian aspect. (Gordon, 1966) In accordance to Aristotles claims, I personally believe that while we should develop the humanitarian portion, we should focus equally on both the intellectual and moral sections because they are of equal importance and not place greater emphasis on the intellect as our society currently does. The last societal aim of education is for society to create responsible citizens of a country through the development of every child the political agenda behind education. The 2 aspects to this societal aim are the positive and the negative. The positive aspect is what Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of America during her husbands presidency, describes as good citizenship. (Roosevelt, 2008) She illustrates how education is to help a child see and understand the various governmental processes through the government departments of law and legislation along with Americas relationship to the rest of the world. The child, being able to see such things, will see himself as a part of a greater being and understand where his own usefulness may lie. I agree with Roosevelt as National Education is a vital aspect of Singapores education system and this will be elaborated further. The negative aspect however, has roots in the USSR. Lenin, the Communist leader, once expressed: Without teaching, there is no learning. Without learning, there is no knowledge. Without knowledge, there is no Communism. Without Communism, society degenerates into capitalist decay. (Nicholas, 1983) The leadership of the Soviet Union then started to shape its national education programmes to promote Communist propaganda to the children in order to guarantee the security of the Communist ideology. (Nicholas, 1983) This is an example of how a country can use its education system with a political motive to legitimize a particular political doctrine. While the purposes of education are inexhaustible and constantly changing, Singapore has managed to define its own rational of educating her citizens for the 21st century society. As extracted from the Ministry Of Educations (MOE) Website, Singapore has 4 clear Desired Outcomes of Education (Ministry of Education, 2010). They are: Confident person, self directed learner, active contributor and concerned citizen. These 4 desired outcomes of education are adaptations of the purposes of education as discussed above and this essay will only focus on the latter 2. The first desired outcome of education that I am focusing on is the creation of an active contributor. An active contributor is one who cooperates well in a team, takes lead and responsible ventures and is original and competent in his actions. (Ministry of Education, 2010) The reason for this desired outcome of education is Singapore having no natural resources except for her population. Therefore, Singapore, having to rely on her people for economic growth and development, has no margin for mistakes and emphasizes on the need for her people to contribute. This need resulted in several educational policy changes, the most obvious trend being the inclination towards Essentialism. Singapore chooses to adopt a practical and utilitarian approach to education though the Bilingualism Policy in 1966. (Dixon) Learning English aided communication with the Western world and was considered an Industrialization language. In the year 2000, the Mandarin language was promoted in order to help foster economic relations with China. Singapore also privatized education through allowing autonomous and independent schools, created a public ranking of all schools in 1992 (Tan, C. Wong, B. Chua, J.S.M Kang, T, 2006) and started the Thinking Skills, Learning Nation (TSLN) policy in 1997 in recognition that literacy only is not enough to survive economically in the 21st century and highly innovative individuals were crucial too. (Teo, 1997) These 3 policies encourage competition between schools and students for better results and prestige as well as promoting the freedom of ingenuity. These result in Singapore being able to nature the full potential of her citizens, develop an abil ity driven economy and encourage Research and Development, both surmounting to greater economic contribution. These policy changes have significantly impacted Singaporean teachers and students alike. Both teachers and students had to be proficient in the English language in order to understand each other. More teachers were recruited to teach the various mother tongues of Malay, Tamil and Mandarin. Students had to work harder to compete and get into a prestigious and elite school. In addition, students had to pay higher fees for autonomous or independent schools. Teachers also had to rethink their teaching methods and engage students more to promote creativity and induce intrinsic motivation to learn instead of mere memorization. As our former Minister of Education, Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam, explained diverse paths were also provided for students with talents in different fields so as to train young people to embrace change and do well in life. (Lee, S.K. Goh, C.B. Fredriksen, B. Tan, J.P. 2008) In evaluation, while these policies appeared feasible in theory, practice proved it wrong. The Bilingual Policy was admitted to be a mistake. (Hoe, 2009) Minister Mentor (MM) Lee Kuan Yew said that his implementation of the Bilingual Policy caused students to be put off by the Chinese language instead of fostering a love for the language. However, MM Lee is not entirely wrong as students are able to fluently converse, read and write in their Mother Tongues. This echoes the education theory of Essentialism where societal gains are placed before personal interests. Another policy that was changed in 2004 involved the softening of the school ranking system. (Shanmugaratnam, 2004) While this policy may be effective in differentiating students of varying IQs, this has also objectified students as they are either classified condemned, normal or gifted. This is a result of our focus on meritocracy and ability. Streaming is not effective because students are not given equal chances to flourish in different aspects of their character but is solely based on how well he does in his studies in a particular examination. Lastly, the TSLN policy is cast in a more positive light as it shifts Singapore from an efficiency-driven education system to an ability-driven education system. (Lee, S.K. Goh, C.B. Fredriksen, B. Tan, J.P. 2008) This is a better policy as it offers students greater flexibility and choice in their education. Students are now able to choose from a range of educational institutes like the School of the Arts (SOTA), Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, the Singapore Sports School and the Singapore Institute of Technology to develop their talents and abilities. Nonetheless, while this can be seen as a deviation from Essentialism, the main objective of the TSLN policy is to remain economically competent in the 21st century. The other desired outcome is the creation of a concerned citizen through moral education. Moral education in Singapore was, and always will be, aimed at forging citizens together and promoting common values to prevent racial and cultural tension amongst the 4 racial groups. (Tan, J. Gopinathan, S. Ho, W.K., 1997) The reason for this desired outcome is due to the largely polarized cultural groups in Singapore directly after independence. Hence, there was a need to bring together the people of Singapore and thus, moral education is needed for nation building and cohesion. The introduction of moral education into the education system resulted in several policy changes. The more significant ones include the mandatory singing of the National Anthem and recitation of the National Pledge (1966) in all schools every morning (Tan, C. Wong, B. Chua, J.S.M Kang, T, 2006), the implementation of Education for Living as a subject (Tan, J. Gopinathan, S. Ho, W.K., 1997) and more recently, the National Education for all levels and Community Involvement Programme (CIP) in 1996 for lower level schools and Service Learning for upper levels. (Ministry of Education, 1998) These 3 policy changes work towards the cohesion of Singaporeans as a whole regardless of race or religion and promote social concern and civic responsibility amongst citizens. These policy changes have affected teachers and students in a more subtle manner. Students then had to learn the National Anthem and Pledge by heart. Teachers were required to undergo training to learn and teach the Education for Living syllabus, Good Citizen, as a subject in the various Mother Tongues. Furthermore, teachers also had to learn how to organize and manage students for CIP and incorporate National Education into everyday teaching. The compulsory singing of the National Anthem and recitation of the Pledge is effective because the Pledge embodies our goals as a country as shown by the words, One united people to signify cohesion in diversity, and to achieve happiness, prosperity and progress for our Nation and the recitation every morning reminds students that diversity is not an obstacle and that Singaporeans should always care for the country. Furthermore, although the CIP and Service Learning projects have noble intentions and are theoretically effective, they turn out to be less efficient in practice. For example, secondary school students carry out the bare minimum of 6 hours of community work in order to meet the criteria set by the Ministry of Education. This defeats the purpose of CIP as it does not properly inculcate students to sincerely help out the needy but only forces students to help because their schools said so. In conclusion, ultimately, Singapore is still a survival-driven society and economy. Having only people as resources has not made it any easier. Hence, regardless of what policy changes or desired outcomes of education, Singapores ultimate goal in education is to remain economically competent in the 21st society. 2191 words.

Beowulf: Fierce and Compassionate Warrior :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

The epic Beowulf is one of the oldest poems written in English. According to the Norton Anthology, "the poem was composed more the twelve hundred years ago, in the first half of the eight century. Its author may have been a native of what was Mercia, the Midlands of England today, although the late tenth-century manuscript , which alone preserves the poem, originated in the south in the kingdom of the West Saxons" (Norton 21). Although the poem is of English origin, it speaks of tribes (the Danes and the Geats) that are from the "Danish island of Zealand and southern Sweden respectively" (Norton 22). The main character, Beowulf, demonstrates that he is a warrior who places heroism and bravery over his own well-being and life. Beowulf is a hero and an example of a great warrior. His actions give us a good example of the pagan warrior mentality. The pagan society is a warrior society, in which courage and bravery are extremely prevalent. Beowulf fights against monsters and dragons, and he would rather die in battle, then anywhere else. Beowulf is called upon to help defeat Grendel, who is a monster that has taken over the hall of Heorot. He is greeted with great hospitality. Hrothgar, the King of Denmark, is relived to see Beowulf. There is some skepticism by Unferth, who recalls a fight in which Beowulf lost in Battle. Unferth is wrong, and Beowulf says this great line: "fate often saves an undoomed man when his courage is good." Beowulf defeats Grendel with great ease and the people of the hall are gracious to Beowulf. With all his great achievements, he becomes king of his homeland (Geatland). Even in his old age, he still has an obligation to fight against the evils of nature. Beowulf hears about a dragon who has become extremely upset because a thief stole a cup from a treasure which he had been guarding for several years. When Beowulf asks for volunteers to fight against the dragon, all but one of Beowulf's followers run into the forest in fear. The one who stays with Beowulf, is a young warrior named Wiglaf.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act Essay

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 prohibits employers from discriminating against employees, or job candidates, on the basis of age. This law covers workers who are 40 years of age and older. An employer must have at least 20 workers to be covered by this law. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act makes it unlawful for an employer to make employment-related decisions based on an employee’s or a prospective employee’s age. Here are several ways in which workers age 40 and above are covered: †¢An employer can’t make hiring decisions based on an applicant’s age and he or she can’t discriminate based on age when recruiting job candidates, advertising for a job or testing applicants. †¢An employer can’t fire a worker because of his age. †¢An employer can’t use age to classify, segregate or limit an employee if this will negatively affect the employee’s status or deprive him or her of opportunities. †¢An employer can’t use age to determine an employee’s pay. †¢An employer can’t deny benefits to an employee because of the employee’s age. In some circumstances, however, the employer may provide reduced benefits to older workers if the cost of providing those reduced benefits matches the cost of providing benefits to a younger worker. In other words, the cost of providing the benefits to older workers and younger workers must be the same. †¢An employee may take age into account when making an employment-related decision only if it is in regard to an authentic qualification necessary for the business’s operation. Age discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) less favorably because of his age. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) only forbids age discrimination against people who are age 40 or older. It does not protect workers under the age of 40, although some states do have laws that protect younger workers from age discrimination. It is not illegal for an employer or other covered entity to favor an older worker over a younger one, even if both workers are age 40 or older.Discrimination can occur when the victim and the person who inflicted the discrimination are both over 40. Age Discrimination & Work Situations The law forbids discrimination when it comes to any aspect of employment, including hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoff, training, fringe benefits, and any other term or condition of employment. Age Discrimination & Harassment It is unlawful to harass a person because of his or her age. Harassment can include, for example, offensive remarks about a person’s age. Although the law doesn’t prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that aren’t very serious, harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victim being fired or demoted). The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or someone who is not an employee of the employer, such as a client or customer. Age Discrimination & Employment Policies/Practices An employment policy or practice that applies to everyone, regardless of age, can be illegal if it has a negative impact on applicants or employees age 40 or older and is not based on a reasonable factor other than age (RFOA). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age. The ADEA’s protections apply to both employees and job applicants. Under the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against a person because of his/her age with respect to any term, condition, or privilege of employment, including hiring, firing, promotion, layoff, compensation, benefits, job assignments, and training. The ADEA permits employers to favor older workers based on age even when doing so adversely affects a younger worker who is 40 or older. It is also unlawful to retaliate against an individual for opposing employment practices that discriminate based on age or for filing an age discrimination charge, testifying, or participating in any way in an investigation, proceeding, or litigation under the ADEA. The ADEA applies to employers with 20 or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and labor organizations, as well as to the federal government. ADEA protections include: †¢Apprenticeship Programs It is generally unlawful for apprenticeship programs, including joint labor-management apprenticeship programs, to discriminate on the basis of an individual’s age. Age limitations in apprenticeship programs are valid only if they fall within certain specific exceptions under the ADEA or if the EEOC grants a specific exemption. †¢Job Notices and Advertisements The ADEA generally makes it unlawful to include age preferences, limitations, or specifications in job notices or advertisements. A job notice or advertisement may specify an age limit only in the rare circumstances where age is shown to be a â€Å"bona fide occupational qualification† (BFOQ) reasonably necessary to the normal operation of the business. †¢Pre-Employment Inquiries The ADEA does not specifically prohibit an employer from asking an applicant’s age or date of birth. However, because such inquiries may deter older workers from applying for employment or may otherwise indicate possible intent to discriminate based on age, requests for age information will be closely scrutinized to make sure that the inquiry was made for a lawful purpose, rather than for a purpose prohibited by the ADEA. If the information is needed for a lawful purpose, it can be obtained after the employee is hired. †¢Benefits The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990 (OWBPA) amended the ADEA to specifically prohibit employers from denying benefits to older employees. Congress recognized that the cost of providing certain benefits to older workers is greater than the cost of providing those same benefits to younger workers, and that those greater costs might create a disincentive to hire older workers. Therefore, in limited circumstances, an employer may be permitted to reduce benefits based on age, as long as the cost of providing the reduced benefits to older workers is no less than the cost of providing benefits to younger workers. Employers are permitted to coordinate retiree health benefit plans with eligibility for Medicare or a comparable state-sponsored health benefit. †¢Waivers of ADEA Rights An employer may ask an employee to waive his/her rights or claims under the ADEA. Such waivers are common in settling ADEA discrimination claims or in connection with exit incentive or other employment termination programs. However, the ADEA, as amended by OWBPA, sets out specific minimum standards that must be met in order for a waiver to be considered knowing and voluntary and, therefore, valid. Among other requirements, a valid ADEA waiver must: obe in writing and be understandable; ospecifically refer to ADEA rights or claims; onot waive rights or claims that may arise in the future; obe in exchange for valuable consideration in addition to anything of value to which the individual already is entitled; oadvise the individual in writing to consult an attorney before signing the waiver; and oprovide the individual at least 21 days to consider the agreement and at least seven days to revoke the agreement after signing it. If an employer requests an ADEA waiver in connection with an exit incentive or other employment termination program, the minimum requirements for a valid waiver are more extensive. See Understanding Waivers of Discrimination Claims in Employee Severance Agreements† at http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/qanda_severance-agreements.html

Common Astronomy Terms and Definitions

Common Astronomy Terms and Definitions Free Online Research Papers Common Astronomy Terms and Definitions 1.)Absorption Spectrums – Also called a â€Å"dark-line† Spectrum, this occurs when certain energies of light (colors) are absorbed by atoms. 2.)Achromatic Lens – A color corrected lens formed by cementing together two different glass lenses 3.)Aperture – The effective diameter of the objective telescope lens 4.)Aphelion – The farthest point in the orbit of a planet about the sun 5.)Azimuth Telescope Mount – This telescope mount moves the telescope in elevation and azimuth 6.)Celestial Equator – The projection of the Earth’s equator on the celestial sphere 7.)Celestial Sphere – All the fixed stars in the sky 8.)Charge-Coupled Device or CCD – A modern light detector capable of detecting faint light sources and when connected to a computer, this system can capture images and store them in the computer memory 9.)Chromatic Aberration – This occurs in a simple lens where different colors of light are focused at different places 10.)Constructive Interference – This occurs when the crest of one wave meets the crest of a second wave in time and space so that a larger wave is generated from the sum of the two original waves 11.)Continuous Spectra – When the light from a heated source passes through a prism or diffraction grating, the light is spread out into a beautiful band of all colors from red through blue 12.)Convex Lens – A simple glass lens that is thick in the center and thin at the edges 13.)Counter Weights – Sliding adjustable weights attached to the main body of the telescope to aid in the balance of the telescope as it is driven across the sky following a celestial object 14.)Cryogenics – The science of low temperatures 15.)Days in the Week – The days of the week were named after the five planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn plus the Sun and the Moon 16.)Declination – A measure in degrees north and south of the celestial equator on the celestial sphere 17.)Deferent – The name for the perfect circular path, centered on the Earth, on which the Sun, Moon and other planets orbited the Earth in the Geocentric solar system 18.)Destructive Interference – Where the crest of one wave meets the trough of a second wave 19.)Diffraction – The bending of waves around corners or obstacles 20.)Dispersion – The breaking-up of white light into the spectrum of colors 21.)Doppler Effect – The change of wavelength due to the relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer of the wave 22.)Ecliptic – The apparent path of the Sun on the Celestial Sphere 23.)Electromagnetic Spectrum – Know the six major regions of this spectrum. In the order of increasing energy, they are named: Radio, Infared, Visible Lighe, Ultraviolet, X-rays and Gamma Rays 24.)Emission Spectrum – Also called the bright line spectrum, it looks like a series of bright colored lines 25.)Epicycle – Small perfect circles centered on the deferent where planets would move in the geocentric model of the solar system 26.)Equatorial Telescope Mount – A useful mount for a telescope having two reference circles, the declination circle and the right-ascension circle 27.)Extended Objects – Objects that have a discernible area or disk when viewed through a telescope and may benefit from magnification 28.)Finder Telescope – It is usually the shortest accessory telescope, having a wide field of view, low magnificaiotn, and cross hairs 29.)Galileo Galilei – Born in 1564, at Pisa, he was one of the first to make detailed observations of the Moon, new stars, the moons of Jupiter, Saturn, the phases of Venus, sunspots and comets 30.)Geocentric Model – the earth centered model of the solar system 31.)Gravity Wave Telescope – A large aluminum cylinder that vibrates or â€Å"rings† when a gravity wave excites it 32.)Guide Telescope – Often a â€Å"middle-sized† accessory telescope, usually pointed â€Å"off-axis† at a nearby star. The nearby star is used as a reference for position checks during timed exposure photography taken through the main telescope. One looks through the guide telescope to check the reference position of the star and if corrections are needed, then slow-motion corrections to the right ascension and declination dricers are applied to the drive mode. 33.)Heliacal Rising – Occurs on the first day each year when the star can be seen just before dawn. 34.)Heliacal Setting – Occurs on the last day of the year when the star can be seen at dusk. 35.)Heliocentric Model – The Sun-centered model of the solar system. Copernicus wrote of this model in his work, DE REVOLUTIONIBUS ORBIUM COELESTIUM. 36.)Isaac Newton Born on Jan. 4, 1643, at Woolstrhorpe in Lincolnshire we admire him for sharing insight into the Physics of motion and the law of gravity. His interests included astronomy, pure mathematics, optics, chemistry, heat, chronology, and theology. 37.)John Kepler – Born in 1571, at Weil in Wurtemberg, he studied Tycho’s data in a attempt to understand the truemotions of the planets. He developed three laws of motion that we admire today; 1) Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus, 2) An imaginary line connecting the planets to the sun will â€Å"sweep out† equal times, or in another way to express it, a planet moves faster in its orbit when closest to the sun and slower when farther away, #0 the square of the orbital of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the average distance from the sun: The third law points out that the planets are larger orbits move more slowly around the sun, a fact implying that the sun-planet force decreases with distance. 39.)Light – Gathering Ability – The amount of light energy a telescope can collect. The larger the aperture of the telescope the more light is collected and the brighter the image. Since the area of a circle is proportional to the square of the lens or mirror diameter, doubling the telescope diameter allows the telescope to gather four times the light energy. 40.)Light Velocity The velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is 300,000,000 meters per second or 186,000 miles per second. 41.)Local Meridian – A line drawn on the celestial sphere, starting at the north celestial pole, passing through the observers zenith point, and continuing down to the southern horizon. When the sun is located on your local meridian, it is noon. 42.)Lunar Cycle – The length of time taken by the Moon to go through its phases. For example; full phase to the next phase. This takes 29  ½ days. 43.)Magnification – The number of times larger an object appears to be when viewed through a telescope as compared to the unaided eye. We can calculate this number by dividing the focal length of the large objective lens (or mirror) by the focal of the eyepiece. The more we magnify an object, the smaller the field of views becomes and the dimmer the field of view becomes. 44.)Mayan Astronomy – Examples of astronomical connections are; angled stonework, color-coded walls, building alignments, stone glyphs, window alignments, number and accurate calendar, etc. 45.)Medicine Wheel – Located in the Bighorn Mountains in Wyoming and used by the Blackfoot, it is a seasonal calendar and sun watching station. A large stone cairn marks the central hub of a wheel formed by the alignment of stones as spoke and rim. The alignment of the solstices and prominent helical risings and settings of stars is accomplished by additional stone cairs located around the rim of the wheel. 46.)Month – The year is divided into the 12 lunar months because of the 12 lunar cycles that occur in approximately one year. 47.)Newton’s Law of Gravity – The gravitational force of attraction between two masses is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their center of masses. The key ideas here are that the gravitational force is attractive, increases with mass and decreases with distance squared. 48.)Newton’s Laws of Motion – 1) An object at rest, or object moving in a straight line at constant speed, will continue to do so unless acted upon by a external force. 2) The net force acting on an object is equal to the object’s mass times its acceleration. 3) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction between two objects. 49.)Nicholas Copernicus – Born on Feb. 19, 1473 in Prussia, he wrote Commentariolus and De Revolutionibus, expressing his ideas on the Sun- centered of Heliocentric solar system. He thought the motions of the planets in the sky could be explained better by moving the Earth and leaving the Sun stationary. 50.)North Celestial Pole – The intersection of the Earth’s spin axis with the celestial sphere in the northern celestial hemisphere. 51.)Parabola (Paraboloid) – This term describes the curved shape of a telescopic mirror (optical or radio) that focuses all of the light incident on it to one focal point, thus avoiding spherical aberration. 52.)Perihelion – The closest point, between the sun and the planet, in the planets elliptical orbit revolving around the sun. 53.)Photoelectric Effect – Where light of a critical energy (color of wavelength) can force free electrons out of a metal. Increasing the intensity of the light increases the number of free electrons but not their individual energy. 54.)Photons – A wave-packet model of light that can address the wave- particle duality of light. 55.)Point Sources – Astronomical objects that show no disk at high telescope magnification. Examples are most stars, quasars and other objects below the resolution limit of the telescope. 56.)Polaris – The north star today. It is the star closest to the north celestial pole at the current position on the precession circle. 57.)Polarization – This is where the electric waves (for electromagnetic waves) are aligned in one direction after passing through a suitable material. 58.)Precession – The â€Å"wobble† of the Earth’s spin axis of rotation in a 26,000 year cycle. 59.)Prograde Motion – The â€Å"forward† or eastward motion of the planets against the stars of the celestial sphere as observed from Earth. 60.)Ptolemy – He lived around 150AD when he wrote the Almagest, which in turn was largely based on the work of Hipparchus. He describes the Geocentric (earth centered) solar system in this work. 61.)Radial Velocity – The relative velocity along the line of sight between the source of the light and the observer. This is the velocity referred to in the Doppler effect. 62.)Radio Telescope – The main parts of this telescope are; a) reflecting dish antenna, b) low noise receiver, c) amplifier, d) noise standard, and e) recorder. This telescope is used to study the microwave emissions from low energy processes in space. Examples are: molecular masers, star birth, and hydrogen mapping. 63.)Radio Inrerferometer – When two or more radio telescopes are connected together electronically, improving the resolution of the radio source. 64.)Reflection – Light â€Å"†bounces† off a mirror at the same angle that it entered it, independent of the color of the light. 65.)Refracting Telescope – Basically, a telescope that uses a glass lens as the primary objective element. 66.)Refraction – The bending, in the direction of propagation of the light wave, as it passes from one transparent optical material into another transparent material. The speed of light slows when it is traveling in glass. 67.)Resolution – The ability to discern fine detail in an image. The larger the diameter of the lens or mirror, the better the resolution will be 68.)Retrograde Motion – The â€Å"backwards† or westward motion of the planets with respect to the celestial sphere as seen from the Earth. 69.)Revolution – The orbital motion of a planet around the sun. For the Earth, this takes 365.26 days. 70.)Right Ascension – This is a measurement of time along the celestial equator and is one of the coordinate lines used to find a position on the celestial sphere. Once around the equator would take 24 hours. The reference beginning point for right ascension is where the celestial equator crosses the ecliptic in spring. 71.)Rotation – The daily spin on the Earth (or any other planet) on its axis. 72.)Scattering – The absorption and re-emission, diffraction, refraction, and reflection of light as light passes through a planetary atmosphere. Short (blue) waves are scattered more that the longer (red) waves producing a blue sky and red sunsets on Earth. 73.)Schmidt Camera – A sky survey telescopic camera having low magnification, a wide field of view and excellent resolution. 74.)Seeing – A term describing the quality of the night sky for optically observing the stars. Good seeing would generally mean that the sky is clear, steady and dark. 75.)Slow Motion Controls – Mechanical, electrical or electronic correction of the declination and right ascension drives on the telescope. Correction is needed because of misalignment, friction, imbalance and voltage variations in the telescope system. 76.)Spectroscope – An instrument that disperses the light from a source into a spectrum of color. This can be studied to discover the chemical composition of the light source. 77.)Spherical Aberration – A geometrical defect in the shape of a mirror or glass lens that causes the light to come to a â€Å"smeared† or fuzzy focal point. 78.)Supernova of 1054 – Today the remnant of this spectacular stellar explosion is called the Crab Nebulae. The â€Å"Ancient Ones† recorded this event in Chaco Canyon, and we investigated this in class with the aid of astronomy software on the computer. 79.)Telescope Design – Be able to identify the Prime Focus, Newtonian, Schmidt and Cassegranian telescope design for the first exam. 80.)Tycho (Tyge) Brahe – Tycho was born in 1546 at Knedstrup in the Danish province of Scania. The King of Denmark gave him the island of Hveen where he built Uraniborg and Stjerneborg. The made careful observations of the sky with elaborate sighting instruments including a large quadrant and recorded his observations faithfully. 81.)Wave Amplitude – The vertical height of a wave, from the bottom of the wave through to the top of the wave crest. For light, this is related to the brightness or intensity of the light. 82.)Wavelength – The distance between adjacent wave crests. The shorter the wavelength, the bluer the light and the longer the wavelength, the redder the light. The shorter electromagnetic waves also carry more energy per wave than the longer wavelength light waves. 83.)Year – The length of the year can be found by observing the Heliacal risings and setting of stars and by observing the rising and setting points of the sun on the horizon. As the days grow longer, the sun rises further north each morning. 84.)Zenith – The point on the celestial sphere directly above the observers head and opposite the center of the Earth. 85.)Zodiac – The region of the celestial sphere within eighteen degree’s of the ecliptic. This area was special because the wandering stars only traveled in this part of the sky. Research Papers on Common Astronomy Terms and DefinitionsThe Spring and AutumnMind TravelAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Fifth HorsemanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Emancipation Proclamation essays

Emancipation Proclamation essays The Emancipation Proclamation On September 22,1862 President Abraham Lincoln first issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. This document stated that slaves would be free with some exceptions. Earlier at a July 22, 1862, cabinet meeting, the president announced that he had decided to declare the emancipation of Southern slaves. The enlistment of 29,000 blacks in the Union army of the civil war forced Lincoln to make that important decision. Then on New Year's Day, January 1,1863, he declared that slaves held in southern states, "Shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." But slaves in the Border States of Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky and about all of the Northern states were exempt from this policy. Also for Southern slaves to be truly free they must escape to the North. The statement also included that former slaves refrain from all violence unless in self-defense. In addition, that they faithfully work for reasonable labor wages. President Lincoln further declares that slaves of suitable condition will be accepted in the United States armed forces. The Emancipation Proclamation received many different responses just here in the North. Slaveholders in Union states were glad that they could keep their slaves. Abolitionists and Radical Republicans hailed Lincoln's actions as a omen of slavery's death. While other Northerners were concerned that freeing millions of formerly enslaved African-Americans would cause mass unemployment and unrest, and objected almost as strongly as the South. But this has recently changed as Union soldiers have begun to see that blacks in the army can help win the Civil War. Two major effects have risen due to the Proclamation. One is that European sympathy has increased, and the possibility of Europe aiding the South in its "cotton diplomacy" has failed. Also the Northern army has been able to start raising all black regiments which have become extremel ...

Contemporary issues in international event management Essay - 1

Contemporary issues in international event management - Essay Example role of this paper is to look at the international standards of sustainable event management, which are key concepts that make an event a success (Anderson 2010). According to Bowdin (2011) sustainability in event management refers to the decision-making, planning and participation in an event while being environmentally and socially responsible. An Event Management Industry, which does not respond to sustainability and does not operate within the sustainable management then the company, is likely to fail. Events have extraordinarily been used as a part of the organization’s brand experience. Hence it should be accessed alongside with the impact that it has on the environment. A company has to ensure the sustainable management of events and supplier activities in a more organized manner. The general public is demanding a clear and transparent system from the companies that has a higher brand value attributed to a certain service or a product. Sustainable event management is becoming more diverse, any industry now can host any event. The products and materials that are used to produce an event all have the negative impacts on the enviro nment, but these negative impacts can be reduced through using products that are environmental friendly, organic and fair trade(Bowdin 2011). Without doubt, a manager is a person who is held accountable to development of things that will promote the condition that they are controlling. There are several elements that are considered for one to be a manager of sustainability. Ideally, one needs to possess the ability to control matters and establish solutions that will be sustainable. The movement towards sustainable management establishes that institutions are starting to carry out a systems extensive approach that connects in the numerous segments of the business with greater focus on the environment. As sustainable management organization adapt to certain approaches, it becomes critically significant they integrate a picture

A multinational company maximises its competitive advantage by Essay

A multinational company maximises its competitive advantage by controlling its own supply chain. Discuss - Essay Example According to Caves (2007) any business, which has showed potentiality of having varied number of chain stores located in different parts of the world is capable of achieving adequate economies of scale such as timeliness, humble use of global resources and market dominance amongst other aspects, which can only be relevant to the maintenance of supply chain. Globalization and FDI The globalization of commerce has a major impact on modern business (TOMAR, 2009). Globalization affects the way business is carried out and the geographical area where a business can operate. With globalization, even small businesses are able t operate in the global arena, which then leads to Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign Direct Investment affects and in turn is affected by the supply chain. It also affects the supply chain decisions which a firm is likely to make with regard to whether they are going to manage their entire supply chain or if they are going to outsource the supply chain to a third part. With regard to choosing a supply chain model, businesses look for the model which will offer them strategic edge over their competitors. It is therefore not a matter of choice, but it is a matter of choosing the most efficient way of survival in a marketplace that has been made even more competitive by the existence of globalization. Issues of competitive advantage simply entail an organization being able to dominate the market over other firms who trade in the same line of product. Firms that have numerous numbers of chain stores in different countries have got potentials of achieving increased sales volume. Besides proper choice of the location of an industry is the most practical way of distribution of production cost. Therefore, with very minimal cost of production a company can easily enjoy the competitive advantage. Moreover, with several advantages associated with supply chains, the company would be left with principal mandate of concentrating on other internal aspects of pr oduction, and this makes appropriate benefit to the maintenance of supply chain by an organization (working mother, 2001). The Coase Theory of Transactions Costs and Decisions Making The Coase theory postulates that in the absence of transactional costs, businesses would be able to share the property space without having to worry how resources are allocated (Jager, 2008). In regard to the supply chain, what this means is that if there are no negotiation costs between two firms which are at different levels in a single supply chain, the two firms would not mind continuing to depend on each other to complete the supply chain. The Coase theory was developed by Ronald Coase who tried to understand the free markets and why regulations are not necessary. According to the Coase theory, an organization would only then choose to control all its supply chain if there were costs of negotiating the terms of service with other firms in the supply chain. If these costs of negotiation do not exist , the costs of outsourcing some of the supply chain would not hinder a firm from outsourcing. In fact, according to the Coase theory, where transactions of negotiations do not exist, the two (or more) firms in a supply chain would naturally gravitate to the most efficient relationships with the most efficient supply chain. This implies that in the abs